Frieda S. Robscheit-Robbins in 1934

Other Pictures of Frieda S. Robscheit-Robbins
1915	1929	1946	1955	1955	1961

Friedericke Mathilde Saur was born in the Rhineland on June 8, 1888.  Her mother, Eugenie Marie Mathilde Schwarz, was born January 18, 1868 in Duisburg, Germany.  Eugenie married Peter August Schwarz sometime before 1900, The family emigrated to the United States in 1900 and resided in Chicago and San Francisco.  Eugenie is noted as widowed in the 1920 federal census and divorced in the 1930 census.   

Frieda studied at the University of Chicago and University of California, but did not receive degrees.  On July 28, 1915, Frieda married Hans Theodore Robscheit, a salesman for the Great Western Power Company who had been born in East Prussia on December 3, 1884 and emigrated in 1910.  Frieda and Hans had a daughter, Gene Charlotte, who was born on June 30, 1917 in San Francisco.  They changed their last name from Robscheit to Robbins in 1920 or 1921, but Frieda had published as Frieda Robscheit so afterwards used Robscheit-Robbins in her academic work.  Frieda began work as a research assistant for Dr. George Hoyt Whipple in 1917.  Whipple moved to Rochester in 1921 to become Dean of the new University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry.  Frieda continued their research in San Francisco and became the second employee of the new School of Medicine and Dentistry in July 1922.  In December, she moved to Rochester accompanied by 40 research dogs that were carried in a special Railway Express car.  Frieda's mother and daughter traveled to Europe and returned on September 2, 1923, after which they and Hans came to Rochester.  Hans and Frieda divorced in the late 1920s. 

Whipple received a Nobel Prize in 1934 and gave credit to Frieda.  He also shared the award money with her and two other assistants.  She authored more than 100 publications on liver and blood diseases and blood regeneration, as well as several chapters of medical text books.  She was the first woman president of the American Society of Experimental Pathology in 1951-1952.  A 1961 article mentions a three-volume compilation of her writings, but no other record of these volumes has been found.

Frieda S. Robscheit-Robbins married Oscar V. Sprague, later superintendent of the Kodak Park power plant on January 27, 1951.  She retired from the University in 1955 and after Oscar retired from Eastman Kodak in 1958 they moved to Tucson, where  Frieda died on December 18, 1973.

Frieda's daughter Gene attended the University of Rochester for three years in the late 1930s but did not graduate.  She married James Harper Root III on April 3, 1941.  The Roots had one son, Lawrence E., who was born on May 15, 1942.  Gene received a Masters Degree in History from the University or Rochester in 1948 and was also a graduate teaching assistant.   Gene and James divorced at some point and in 1950 she married Henry Albert Reich, who died in 1964.  Frieda then married Stanley William Dilloway, a Coast Guard Reserve officer, sometime before 1968.  Gene died at F.F. Thompson Hospital in Canandaigua on July 30, 2002. Lawrence E. Root has two children, Betsy and Lawrence, Jr., and lives in Warsaw, New York.

References
1915 "University Club Man Given License to Wed," The Sacramento Bee, July 29, 1915, Page 5.
A marriage license was issued to Hans Theodore Robscheit, 30, a salesman for the Great Western Power Company and a member of the University Club and Miss Friedericke Mathilde Saur, 27, of San Francisco.  Both Robscheit and his bride are natives of Germany and have been in this country but a few months.  The young woman gave her residence as San Francisco.

1915 "Sacramento Social Affairs," The Sacremento Bee, July 31, 1915, Page 8.
Mrs. Hans T. Robscheit, who, before his marriage this week, was Miss Mathilde Saur.  The bride is a graduate of the Chicago University. 

1918 World War I Draft Registration Card, September 12, 1918
Hans Theodore Robscheit, December 3, 1884, 191 Fredericke St., San Francisco
Production Manager, American Can Co.
Freda M. Robscheit (Wife)

1920 Federal Census. San Francisco, 12-13 January 1920
Hans T. Robscheit, 35, immig 1910, born East Prussia, Efficiency engineer car
Frieda Robscheit, 31, immig 1904, born Rhineland, Scientist, Medicine
Gene (daughter), 2 7/12, born california
Eugenie Schway, Mother, 50, widowed, immig 1904, natualized 1909

1921 "How to Keep Well," by Dr. W.A. Evans, Chicago Daily Tribune, January 10, 1921, Page 8.
Let us say that. finally, the proof shows the trouble to be a simple secondary anemia. Whipple, Hoover, and Robscheit have shown that plenty of good food is the very best form of iron which can be taken. At the very head of their list stood liver. Lean beef was a close second and heart third. These meats were eaten cooked.

1921 Passport application for myself and grand-daughter Gene Charlotte Robbins, September 21, 1921
Eugenie Marie Mathilde Schwarz, January 18, 1868, Duisburg, Germany.  Resided in Chicago and San Francisco from 1900 to 1921.
Peter August Schwarz, born in Germany, emigrated to U.S in February 1900, naturalized June 6, 1905.

1922 Collected Reprints from the George Williams Hooper Foundation for Medical Research, Volume 6
Frieda S. Robscheit-Robbins, Assistant in Research Medicine, 1917-1922.

1923 List of United States Citizens for the Immigration Authorities, August 23, 1923, arrived September 2, 1923.
S.S. Belgenland, sailing from Antwerp, arriving at Port of New York
Schwarz, Eugenie, by marriage June 6, 1905, home 2090 Fell St, S. Francisco, Cal.
Robbins, Gene, S. Francisco, Cal., June 30th, 1917

1927 Methods and Problems of Medical Education, Series Seven, Division of Medical Education of the Rockefeller Foundation, February 17, 1927.
Pages 15-19:  Animal House, by George Hoyt Whipple

1930 Federal Census, Town of Brighton, April 16, 1930
Freda Robbins, 41, Divorced, Baden Germany, Scientist, University
Jean C. Daughter
Eugenia Schwarz, Mother, 59, Divorced, Baden, Germany

1934 The reserve storage of red cells and hemoglobin and their parent substances during growth in dogs as influenced by diet factors, by Frieda Saur Robscheit-Robbins, Doctoral Dissertation, University of Rochester Medical Center.

1934 Eighty-Fourth Annual Commencement, The University of Rochester, June 18, 1934
Candidates for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy - Frieda Saur Robscheit-Robbins

1934 "Along the Promenade," by Mildred Bond, Democrat and Chronicle, November 18, 1934, Page 4D
No Desire for Honors in Dr. Robbins' Life of Long Research

1936 "Dr. Frieda Robbins to Address Chamber of Commerce Women," Democrat and Chronicle, October 27, 1936, Page 10.
Doctor Robbins was assistant to Dr. George H. Whipple, dean of the Medical School, in work for which he received the Nobel Prize. Shortly after graduation from the University of Chicago, Dr. Robbins went to the University of California a assistant to Doctor Whipple who was then head of the medical school there. Her special field ha been research in connection with anaemia.

1936 The First Decade 1926-1936 
Page 29:  As soon as space in the present Animal House was available in November, 1922, Dr. Bloor and Dr. Whipple moved into temporary quarters there. Dr. Frieda S. Robbins, who had been associated with Dr. Whipple in California, was carrying on the anemia research program at the Hooper Foundation in San Francisco and came to Rochester with the colony of standardized anemia dogs in December, 1922, taking up her work in the Animal House.
Page 204:  Decennial Honor Roll.  The following list contains the names of all Staff Members and Employees of the School and Hospital who have been connected with the institution during the whole of the decade commencing January 4, 1926, the day of opening of Strong Memorial Hospital.
1921 — Dr. George H. Whipple, September (Appointed May 1921)
1922 — Mrs. Frieda S. Robbins, July
Dr. Walter R. Bloor, September (Appointed and enrolled July 1922)
Herbert Davis, November
Waldo Price, December

1939 Croesus Class of 1940 31:207
Page 207:  Alpha Sigma, Gene Robbins

1941 "Announces Marriage," Democrat and Chronicle, April 9, 1941, Page 22
Dr. Frieda S. Robbins of East Avenue announces the recent marriage in New York City of her daughter, Miss Gene Charlotte Robbins, and Lieut. James Harper Root 3rd of Buffalo.

1946 "Dogs Decorated as Science Aides," Democrat and Chronicle, February 9, 1946, Page 13.

1946 "2 UR Lab Dogs Go Snooty After Honors in New York," Democrat and Chronicle, February 17, 1946, Page 3B.

1946 "Eugenie Schwarz," Democrat and Chronicle, July 23, 1946, Page 29.
Died Monday, July 22, 1946, of 520 East Avenue.  She is survived by a daughter, Dr. Frieda S. Robbins and a granddauther, Mrs. James Root.

1947 "Council of Jewish Women Books Mrs. James H. Root," Democrat and Chronicle, November 9, 1947, Page 4E.
She teaches at U. of R.  Graduate teaching assistant in History at the U. of R.  She also is secretary to the Government Department and teaches political science on the Prince Street campus.

1947 The American dilemma, 1939-1941, by Gene Robbins Root, M.A. Thesis in History, University of Rochester
Acknowledgments.  The inspiration tor this study is due to Doctor Dexter Perkins, whose practical scholarship has been a constant goal for which to strive. I am also deeply indebted to Doctor Glenn Wiltsey for friendly encouragement and valid criticism, and to Miss Ruth Harper for the final mechanics of the work. Finally, the entire project is the direct result of a most patient husband, a healthy child, and truly generous friends.

1948 Ninety-eighth Annual Commencement, The University of Rochester, June 22, 1948
Candidates for the Degree of Master of Arts - Gene Robbins Root, History

1950 The First Quarter Century 1925-1950  
Page 133-134:  Animal House, by Freida S. Robscheit-Robbins

1951 "Sprague-Robbins Nuptials Held," Democrat and Chronicle, January 28, 1951, Page E1
Dr. Frieda S. Robbins to Oscar V. Sprague

1955 "Dr. Robbins to Retire From Medical School," Democrat and Chronicle, June 1, 1955, Page 19.
Dr. Frieda S. Robbins, whose studies helped pave the way for the cure of pernicious anemia, will retire as associate in pathology at the University of Rochester Medical School June 30. She will mark the end of 32 years' service.

1957 Planning and Construction Period of the School and Hospitals 1921-1925. bu George H. Whipple, M.D.| pdf |
Page 20:  During the year 1921-22, Dr. Frieda Robbins in San Francisco had been carrying on the anemia program which we had planned. A colony of standard anemic dogs had been collected and studied with great care.  The Hooper Foundation, with friendly cooperation, permitted Dr. Robbins to continue her laboratory work and occupy a good deal of space in their animal rooms during that year. A most devoted, loyal and able associate over the years, Dr. Robbins carried on through this difficult period most effectively. In December of 1922, Dr. Robbins brought the entire standard anemia dog colony, numbering about forty, including puppies, from California to Rochester where they were properly housed and the research program continued without interruption. The anemia program was established in the southeast corner of the first floor of the Research Laboratory.

1959 Hans Theodore Robbins (1884-1959) grave in Cambridge, Massachusetts

1959 "Hans T. Robbins," The Boston Globe, May 18, 1959, Page 21.

1959 "Autobiographical Sketch," by George Hoyt Whipple, Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 2(3):253-289 (Spring 1959)
Pages 277-278:  When Dr. Bloor and I moved to the Research Laboratory on the Crittenden tract, we promptly developed space for research. Dr. Bloor had his work on lipids in progress. Dr. Robbins brought the anemia colony from the Hooper Foundation and installed these forty dogs in the laboratory.  Dr. Robbins had been working with me on anemia due to blood loss, and several papers had been published (3 ) dealing with diet influences on the production of new hemoglobin.

1961 "Doctor Tells Of Medical Career," The Arizona Daily Star, October 29, 1961, Page B3.
Dr. Frieda Robscheit-Robbins.  The author of over 100 publications on liver and blood diseases and blood regeneration, as well as several chapters of medical text books, this remarkable woman holds another first in her field.  She was the first woman president of the American Society of Experimental Pathology in 1950.

1963 George Hoyt Whipple and his Friends:  The Life-Story of a Nobel Prize Pathologist, by George W. Corner
Pages 102-103:  A third name at the head of this report, following those of Whipple and Hooper, signalized the addition of a new investigator to the team. The ever-increasing amount of laboratory work required by Whipple's program caused him to look for a competent aide in the anemia experiments. Among those who applied for the post was Mrs. Frieda S. Robscheit, a young women of alert, self-confident bearing whose blond coloring and a trace of accent told of her German ancestry. Growing up in Chicago in the care of a guardian who was a physician, she thought of studying medicine, but first worked in a commercial pathology laboratory and then, on the advice of the eminent pathologist Gideon Wells, got a job in the University of Chicago's biochemical laboratories doing routine analyses. Diverted from medical studies by marriage, she worked for a couple of years in San Francisco in a physician's private laboratory. George Whipple had not thought of a woman assistant in work which involved, as well as a great deal of biochemical analysis, the handling of a kennel of large, active dogs, plus daily cleaning of the bile-fistula animals and other hard, messy work of a kind ordinarily done by male helpers.
When, in the course of his first interview with Mrs. Robscheit, he said that he didn't think much of having a woman in the dog laboratory, she snapped back, "Well, then, Dr. Whipple, here is one woman you don't have to have in your laboratory!" and started for the door. Whipple, amused and impressed by this show of spirit, called her back and gave her an appointment as Fellow in Research Medicine.
Frieda Robscheit proved quite capable of handling the bile fistula dogs, and quickly learned how to leash them to their posts in the laboratory, to dilate the fistulas, and collect the bile samples. As the anemia work progressed, her extensive technical experience, combined with a woman's instinct for housekeeping, added system and precision to the daily experimental work. She took charge of breeding the dogs, trained them to cooperate in the experiments, made up the basal and experimental diets, and supervised the blood chemistry routines. In 1919 her name first appeared in a scientific periodical as author of a paper comparing various methods of hemoglobin determination, printed in the Journal of Biological Chemistry. The next year Whipple nominated her, as a qualified investigator, for membership in the Society of Experimental Biology and Medicine. Her surname, Robscheit, incidently, was Americanized about 1922 to Robbins, but on Whipple's advice, to avoid confusion she called herself, professionally, Robscheit-Robbins throughout her scientific career.
Page 127:  He did not want to interrupt his work on anemia when it was going rapidly ahead. Summing up the situation, he thought best to begin at Rochester without delay, and proposed that the University of Rochester should assume the expenses of the anemia work while it was continued temporarily at San Francisco in the care of Frieda Robscheit-Robbins. Karl Meyer, who was to succeed him as director of the Hooper Foundation, had generously agreed to keep the necessary laboratory space available.
Page 131:  In December Frieda Robscheit-Robbins arrived shortly ahead of her 40 dogs: 22 adults and 18 puppies of various ages. There had been a good deal of amusement at the Hooper Foundation before her departure.  Somebody suggested a circus car with a brass band for this unusual transcontinental journey. Actually the Railway Express Company provided a special baggage car in which the dogs traveled comfortably in individual cages with their own supply of dog food and an attendant to feed and water them. They reached Rochester in excellent condition; Mrs. Robbins was able to resume the experimental program with scarcely a break in its schedule.
Page 297:  Whipple shared his one-third portion of the monetary award with Frieda Robscheit-Robbins and her two technical assistants, Marie M. Callahan and Doris E. Huxley, who for many years had taken part in the anemia work. He gave the balance of his portion to his mother, Anna Hoyt Whipple, in acknowledgment of the sacrifices she had made for his education and professional training.
Pages 299-321:  Bibliography of Whipple's publications, also includes many (perhaps all?) of Robscheit-Robbins works.

1964 "Book Reviews. George Hoyt Whipple and His Friends. The life-story of a Nobel prize pathologist. George W. Corner. Lippincott, Philadelphia, 1963. xii + 355 pp. $5.50" by Stanhope Bayne-Jones, Science 143(3604):346-347 (January 24, 1964)

1964 "Henry A. Reich, 60, Retired Retailer, Dies," Democrat and Chronicle, May 9, 1964.
Retired vice president of the B. Forman Co., died Thursday (May 8, 1964) at Fishers, where he had made his home.  He leaves his widow, Mrs. Gene Reich. 

1965 "UR's Old Animal House Reduced to Rubble Pile," Democrat and Chronicle, February 13, 1965, Page 3B.
About 40 of the dogs, half of them pups, were transported across the continent from San Francisco, where Dr. Whipple and his chief research associate, Mrs. Frieda Robscheit-Robbins, had developed the breed for studies in anemia.

1968 "Oscar V. Sprague," Tucson Daily Citizen, December 7, 1968, Page 23.
Oscar V. Sprague, 76, of 4801 E. Broadway, passed away December 6th. He is survived by his wife, Frieda, of Tucson; a daughter, Mrs. Stanley Dilloway, of Pittsford, New York; and a grandson, Capt. Lawrence Root, in the Air Force in Thailand.

1972 History of the American Society for Experimental Pathology: A Record of Its Annual Meetings with Brief Biographical Sketches of Its Officers, by Esmond Ray Long
Page 155:  Frieda S. Robscheit-Robbins, Thirty-fifth president, 1951-1952
Frieda S. Robscheit-Robbins (Mrs. Oscar V. Sprague) (1893- ) , thirty-fifth president of the ASEP (1951-1952), and its secretary-treasurer from 1946 to 1949, was born in Euskirchen, Germany, June 8, 1893, emigrated to the United States, and in 1917 became an assistant in the Hooper Foundation for medical research under G. H. Whipple in the school of medicine of the University of California. She remained in this position until 1922. In that year she rejoined Whipple's staff ·at the new school of medicine of the University of Rochester, with the rank of associate in pathology. She continued in this fruitful research environment until her retirement in 1958, carrying on an intensive program of research initiated in California in 1917 when she first joined the Whipple staff. She took a Ph.D. degree in experimental pathology at Rochester in 1937, and was a recognized authority in studies of blood, anemia and essential dietary factors.
During her years of active research she was a continuous participant in the scientific programs and administrative sessions of the ASEP. Her first papers were presented before the Society in association with Whipple in the early l920's. She supervised the movement of the Hooper Foundation dog colony from California to Rochester in 1922 and continued studies on anemia with Whipple and others of his associates that Jed to recognition of the importance of a liver factor in blood regeneration. In succeeding years she carried out an uninterrupted program of research on blood proteins, essential amino acids, anemia, blood volume, liver physiology, blood gases and iron absorption and metabolism. In 1958 she moved to Tucson, Arizona, in retirement.

1973 Social Security Death Index
Frieda Sprague, birth date June 8, 1888, died December 1973

1973 "Dr. Sprague, Researcher of Anemia, Dies," The Arizona Daily Star, December 20, 1973, Page 16.
Dr. Frieda S. Robscheit-Robbins

1975 To each his farthest star:  The University of Rochester Medical Center -1925-1975, edited by Edward C. Atwater and John Romano.
Page 46:  George Whipple, anxious to resume the research he had left in San Francisco to be carried on by his very competent assistant, Frieda Robbins, started in August 1922 the construction of a small two-story building on the Crittenden site, ultimately to house experimental animals but temporarily to accommodate the professors until the School and Hospital building was ready for them. The animal house was finished in November. Whipple set up a laboratory there in time to receive his forty dogs that Mrs. Robbins brought from San Francisco in December.
Page 65:  Every department chairman set an example in research initiation, and Dean Whipple above all in that he transplanted his special dogs and his research associate (Mrs. Frieda Robbins) from the University of California.
Page 421:  George Whipple and his associates established the value of liver in promoting blood regeneration in the anemic dog-it was that paper, noted in the list of references immediately following (only one of many on this general topic), which set Whipple on the road to the Nobel Prize.  (The Journal of Experimental Medicine, his favored publication, would have been much thinner had it not been for the stream of papers which poured forth from the pens of this indefatigable researcher, his colleague Frieda Robscheit-Robbins, and their associates.)

1981 "George H Whipple or How to Be a Great Man Without Knowing Differential Equations," by Horace.W. Davenport, The Physiologist 24(2):1-5 1981
Page 4:  Let me stop a this point to pay a tribute to Frieda Robscheit-Robbins. She was the woman who saw that Whipple's research on blood regeneration was done and done right. She had little formal training; she started out as a technician who knew what she was doing. The University of Rochester gave her a Ph.D., so she was Dr. Robscheit-Robbins. When 1 was at Rochester I had very little to do with her, for I was very junior and she was very senior indeed. But I did have something to do with her when I was President of the American Physiological Society and she was President of the Society for Expenmental Pathology, which is pretty good for a technician without much formal training. The older persons who attended Federation meetings in those days will remember her. She was always beautifully dressed, and her hair was elegantly coiffeured. She wore striking hats and real diamonds. She was a lady of considerable presence.

1992 "James H. Root III," Asheville Citizens-Times (Ashville, North Carolina), September 30, 1992, Page 3B.
Maj. James Harper Root III, 78, died Tuesday, Sept. 1, in a local hospital. Root was an export manager for Taylor Instrument in Asheville. He served in the U.S. Army for 27 years and was a company commander in the 28th Division during World War II. His awards include four bronze stars, the Combat Infantry Badge and Croix de Guerre with Palms presented by the French government. He was an amateur historian, a member of the Sons of the American Revolution, the Order of the Founders-and Patriots of America and the National Association of Military Historians.  He is survived by one son, Lawrence E. Root Sr. of Livonia, N.Y.; one brother, Dr. William R. Root of Buffalo, N.Y. and two grandchildren.

1995 "George Hoyt Whipple, 1878-1976 : a biographical memoir," by Leon L. Miller, Biographical memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences 66:371-393 (1995)

1998 Nobel Prize women in science: their lives, struggles, and momentous discoveries, Second Edition, by Sharon Bertsch McGrayne and Ardashes Hamparian
Frieda Robscheit-Robbins 1893–December 18, 1973
For thirty-eight years Frieda Robscheit-Robbins was the research partner of George Hoyt Whipple. Although their joint work led to a cure for the deadly disease pernicious anemia, it was Whipple alone who won a Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1934.
“Whipple’s experiments,” the Nobel Committee observed, “were planned exceedingly well and carried out very accurately, and consequently their results can lay claim to absolute reliability.” Frieda Robscheit-Robbins helped to plan and carried out those experiments.
In fact, she was listed as the first author on Whipple’s most important single paper, the report on which his scientific reputation rested. Generally, the first author is primarily responsible for the work summarized in the paper.
Whipple cited twenty-three scientific papers in his Nobel address.  Of these, Robschiet-Robbins was the coauthor of ten. Whipple shared his prize money with Robscheit-Robbins and with two women technicians.
Frieda Robscheit-Robbins was born in Germany, educated in Chicago and California, and received her Ph.D. from the University of Rochester. She worked with Whipple from 1917 until her retirement from the University of Rochester Medical School in 1955. After thirty-eight years, she was still an associate in pathology, a junior-grade employee.
Of scientific research, she said, “You become possessed of a magnificent obsession and determination to learn the truth of your scientific theory if it takes sixteen years or many times sixteen. If you are successful, you really deserve no great credit, for by that time experiment has become the only thing in life you care to do.”

2002 "Gene Dilloway," Democrat and Chronicle, August 1, 2002, Page 2B.
Frieda's daughter

2007 Dictionary of Women Worldwide 2:1016
Robscheit-Robbins, Frieda (1888–1973)
American pathologist. Name variations: Frieda Sprague. Born June 8, 1888, in Germany; died Dec 1973 in Tucson, Arizona; University of Chicago, BS; University of California, MS; University of Rochester, PhD; married O.V. Sprague.
Moved to US when young; began working with George Whipple at University of Rochester (1917) and remained his research partner for 18 years; with Whipple, conducted research on iron metabolism, discovering factors which cause pernicious anemia, and the usefulness of liver therapy in treatment of the disease; published 21 papers with Whipple (1925–30); was passed over for Nobel Prize (1934), which was awarded to Whipple, though he did share prize money; after Whipple's death, continued research until retirement (1955), still only an associate professor.

2009 "Stanley W. Dilloway," Democrat and Chronicle, July 5, 2009, Page 2B.

2020 A Pathway to Excellence: The First 100 Years of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 1921-2020, by Bruce R. Smoller

Articles written by Frieda S. Robscheit-Robbins
1920

1922 Collected Reprints from the George Williams Hooper Foundation for Medical Research, Volume 6
This volume includes several articles written by Frieda S. Robscheit-Robbins

1929 "The Regeneration of Hemoglobin and Erythrocytes," by F.S. Robscheit-Robbins, Physiological Reviews 9(4):666-709 (October 1929)

1932 "The response of reticulocytes to potent diets in severe experimental anemia due to hemorrhage," by Janet Rioch and F.S. Robscheit-Robbins, American Journal of the Medical Sciences 184(3):304-313 (September, 1932)

1933 "Diet and its effect upon blood formation," by F.S. Robscheit-Robbins, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 9(5):387-395 (January 1933)

Also see the archives of the American Journal of Physiology for other articles

© 2021 Morris A. Pierce